COMPUTER SCIENCE

Rational agent approaches Artificial intelligence is defined as the study of a relational agent. A rational agent could be anything that makes decisions like a person, firm, machine, or software. It acts with the best outcome percept. (agents perceptual inputs at a given instance) An AI system is composed of an agent and its environment. The environment may contain other agents. An agent is anything that can be viewed as : Perceiving its environment through sensors and Acting upon that environment through actuators. Note Every agent can perceive its own actions(but not always the effects) It will run in cycles of perceiving, thinking, and acting. Take humans for eg, we perceive our environment through our five senses (sensors), we think about it, and then act using our body parts (actuators). Similarly, robotic agents perceive the environment through sensors that we provide them it can the camera, microphones, infrared detectors. They do some computing(thinking) and...

 Turing Test in Artificial Intelligence  Alan Turing (computer scientist) introduce the Turing test in 1950. Turing test is used to determine whether or not a computer (machine) can think intelligently like humans? Visualize a game of three players having two humans and one computer, an interrogator (as a human) is isolated from the other two players. The interrogator's job is to try and figure out which one is human and by asking questions from both of them. The interrogator is limited to a response to written questions to make the determination. The chat between interrogator and computer would be like this: A) Interrogator: Are you a computer? B) computer: No. If a human interrogator wouldn't be able to distinguish to answer provided by both human and computer, then the computer passes the test, and the machine(computer) is considered as intelligent as a human. But in the year 1980, Mr. Johan Searle proposed the Chinese room argument. He argued ...

                                                 Data Mining Concepts What is Data Mining Data mining is the branch of computer science which deal with huge data. Data mining is a computing process of recognizing patterns in large data using machine learning, statics, and a database system. The extracted information should give us new patterns, relationships, among the data entities. Data mining is also known as knowledge discovery in the database(KDD). The information is extracted so it can be used for the following applications Market analysis Fraud detection Customer retention Production control Science exploration Various data mining methods: these methods help make decisions and predict future 1 Association 2 Classification 3 Clustering Analysis 4 Prediction 5 Sequential Patterns or Pattern Tracking 6 Decision Trees ...

DATA WAREHOUSE Data warehouse is a collection of data that support decision making processes. It provide the following features are ·         Subject oriented ·         Consistent ·         Shows its evaluations over time ·         Non volatile A data warehouse is a central location where consolidated data from multiple locations are stored. It is like a relational database design for analytical processing. DATA WAREHOUSING Data warehousing is the act of organizing data and storing data in a way so as to make its retrieval efficient and insightful. Also called data as the process of transferring   data into information. Is a collection of method, techniques, and tools to support knowledge workers to conduct data analysis that help with performing decision making process and improving information resources.

                                                              Introduction to artificial intelligence The science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs. – John Mc Carthy (AI name was coined by him at 1956). Artificial intelligence is an approach to make a computer, a robot, or a product to think how smart human think. AI is study of how human brain think, learn decide and work. And finally this study outputs intelligent software systems. The aim of AI to improve computer functions which are related to human knowledge, for e.g. reasoning, learning and problem solving. Turing test for artificial intelligence The Turing test was developed by Allan Turing (computer scientist) in 1950. Turing test is used to determine whether or not computer machine can think inte...

DBMS:  The database  management system, is a generalized software system for manipulating databases. It is basically a computerized record-keeping software system; which stores information and allows users to add, delete, change, retrieve and update that information on demand. ADVANTAGE OF DBMS ARE 1. Minimal data redundancy 2. Program-data independence 3. Efficient data access 4. Improved data sharing 5. Improved data consistency 6. Improved data integrity 7. Improved security 8. Increased productivity of application development 9. Enforcement of standards 10. Economy of scale 11. Balance of conflicting requirement 12. Improved data accessibility and responsiveness DISADVANTAGES OF DBMS ARE 1. Increased complexity 2. Required of new specialized skilled manpower 3. The large  size of DBMS 4. Increased installation and management costs. 5. Need for explicit backup and recovery  DATA MODELS:  Data model is a mecha...

A typical computer system irrespective of its size, class or type consists of hardware and software, integrated and synchronized together to perform computational work or data processing. Computer anatomy is concerned with the way the various functional units operate and how they connected together to form the computer system. A computer system consists of the following functional units : 1)  Input unit 2) Memory/Storage unit 3) CPU(central processing unit) 4) Output unit