COMPUTER SCIENCE

Rational agent approaches Artificial intelligence is defined as the study of a relational agent. A rational agent could be anything that makes decisions like a person, firm, machine, or software. It acts with the best outcome percept. (agents perceptual inputs at a given instance) An AI system is composed of an agent and its environment. The environment may contain other agents. An agent is anything that can be viewed as : Perceiving its environment through sensors and Acting upon that environment through actuators. Note Every agent can perceive its own actions(but not always the effects) It will run in cycles of perceiving, thinking, and acting. Take humans for eg, we perceive our environment through our five senses (sensors), we think about it, and then act using our body parts (actuators). Similarly, robotic agents perceive the environment through sensors that we provide them it can the camera, microphones, infrared detectors. They do some computing(thinking) and

 Turing Test in Artificial Intelligence  Alan Turing (computer scientist) introduce the Turing test in 1950. Turing test is used to determine whether or not a computer (machine) can think intelligently like humans? Visualize a game of three players having two humans and one computer, an interrogator (as a human) is isolated from the other two players. The interrogator's job is to try and figure out which one is human and by asking questions from both of them. The interrogator is limited to a response to written questions to make the determination. The chat between interrogator and computer would be like this: A) Interrogator: Are you a computer? B) computer: No. If a human interrogator wouldn't be able to distinguish to answer provided by both human and computer, then the computer passes the test, and the machine(computer) is considered as intelligent as a human. But in the year 1980, Mr. Johan Searle proposed the Chinese room argument. He argued t

                                                              Introduction to artificial intelligence The science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs. – John Mc Carthy (AI name was coined by him at 1956). Artificial intelligence is an approach to make a computer, a robot, or a product to think how smart human think. AI is study of how human brain think, learn decide and work. And finally this study outputs intelligent software systems. The aim of AI to improve computer functions which are related to human knowledge, for e.g. reasoning, learning and problem solving. Turing test for artificial intelligence The Turing test was developed by Allan Turing (computer scientist) in 1950. Turing test is used to determine whether or not computer machine can think intelligently like human? Imagine a game of three players having two humans and one computer, an interrogator (as human) is isolated from other two players. The in