Turing Test In Artificial Intelligence || Basic Explanation

 Turing Test in Artificial Intelligence

 Alan Turing (computer scientist) introduce the Turing test in 1950. Turing test is used to determine whether or not a computer (machine) can think intelligently like humans?

Visualize a game of three players having two humans and one computer, an interrogator (as a human) is isolated from the other two players. The interrogator's job is to try and figure out which one is human and by asking questions from both of them. The interrogator is limited to a response to written questions to make the determination.

The chat between interrogator and computer would be like this:

A) Interrogator: Are you a computer?

B) computer: No.

If a human interrogator wouldn't be able to distinguish to answer provided by both human and computer, then the computer passes the test, and the machine(computer) is considered as intelligent as a human.

But in the year 1980, Mr. Johan Searle proposed the Chinese room argument. He argued that the Turing test couldn't be used to determine whether or not a machine is considered as intelligent as humans. He says that machines ELIZA and PERRY can easily pass the Turing test. 

History of Turing Test

The test is named after Alan Turing, who pioneered machine learning during the 1940s and 1950's papers called "computing machinery and intelligence and intelligence" while at the University of Manchester.

Variation And Alternatives To The Turing Test

Reverse Turing Test 

In this test, a human tries to convince a computer that it is not a computer or machine. For eg CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart).

Total Turing Test

Where the questionnaires can also test the perceptual ability to manipulate objects.

Minimum Intelligent Signal Test

Where only true/false and yes/no question is given. 

Alternatives to the Turing test were later developed because many see the Turing test to be flawed. These alternatives include tests such as 

 The Marcus Test  

in which a program that can watch a television show is tested by being asked meaningful questions about the show's content.

The Lovelace Test 2.0

which is a test made to detect the AI through examining its ability to create art.

Winograd Scheme Challenge 

It is a test that asks multiple-choice questions in a specific format.

It is proposed by  Hector Levesque.

A computer program called Eugene Goostman, which simulates a 13-year-old Ukrainian boy, is said to have passed the Turing test at an event organized by the university of reading.