COMPUTER SCIENCE

Q1. Which of the following is a universal gate?  a) AND b) OR c) XOR d) NAND Answer: (d) NAND (NOR is also a universal gate)   Q2. Which characteristic best describes an analog signal? a) It is discrete in nature. b) It has only two states (HIGH/LOW). c) It is continuous and can take any value within a range. d) It uses binary coding exclusively. Answer: (c) It is continuous and can take any value within a range. Q3. In digital electronics, a logic HIGH typically represents which binary value? a) 0 b) -1 c) 1 d) 50% duty cycle Answer: (c) 1 Q4. The number system with a base of 2 is called: a) Decimal b) Octal c) Hexadecimal d) Binary Q5. A group of 8 bits is known as a: a) Nibble b) Word c) Byte d) Kilobyte Answer: (c) Byte Q6. Which of the following systems is immune to noise compared to others? a) Analog systems b) Digital systems c) Hybrid systems d) Linear systems Answer: (b) Digital systems Q7. Which basic logic gate implements the Boolean expression \(X=A+B\)? ...

Digital electronics is a field of electronics involving the study of digital signals and the engineering of devices that use or produce them.  Digital electronics is comprises of two words  1. Digital and 2. Electronics Where the term digital refers to something that is related to digital technology. And Digital Technology is based upon  zero's and one's to represent and process information. Branch of physics concerned with the design, development & systems that uses electricity. What is logic gate? 1. A logic gate is a device that acts as a building block for digital circuits. They perform basic logical functions that are fundamentals to digital circuits. Most electronic devices we use today have some form of logical gates in them. 2. George bool was the inventor of the idea of the logic gates.  3. Logic gates are electronic circuits designed by using electronic components like transistors, diodes, registers & more.

  ✅ UNIT–I: SPREADSHEETS — Important Questions Short Questions What is the difference between a worksheet and a workbook? Define relative, absolute and mixed cell referencing with examples. What are Named Ranges? How are they created? What are common formula errors in Excel (e.g., #DIV/0!, #VALUE!)? What is the purpose of Data Consolidation? What is the use of Page Breaks in spreadsheet printing? Define Data Series and Data Points in charts. What is a Sparkline? What is Goal Seek? What do you mean by OLE (Object Linking and Embedding)? Long Questions Explain various types of cell referencing and show their usage with examples. Discuss the steps involved in creating, modifying and formatting Pivot Tables. Explain any five categories of functions in Excel with examples. What is What-If Analysis? Explain Data Tables, Scenario Manager and Goal Seek. Describe chart elements and explain how charts can be formatted. Explain methods of pr...

  Q1. The energy gap in a semiconductor is typically of the order of: a) 10 eV b) 5 eV c) 1 eV ✅ d) 0.01 eV Q2. A PN junction acts as a: a) Rectifier ✅ b) Amplifier c) Oscillator d) Filter Q3. In forward bias, the width of the depletion region: a) Increases b) Decreases ✅ c) Remains constant d) Becomes zero Q4. In reverse bias, the current through a PN junction is mainly due to: a) Majority carriers b) Minority carriers ✅ c) Both d) None Q5. A transistor can be used as a: a) Switch ✅ b) Resistor c) Capacitor d) Diode Q6. The configuration of a transistor that provides the highest current gain is: a) Common Base b) Common Collector c) Common Emitter ✅ d) None of these Q7. TTL stands for: a) Transistor Transistor Logic ✅ b) Transistor Tuned Logic c) Triode Transistor Logic d) Transient Trigger Logic Q8. Which of the following logic families has the lowest power consumption? a) TTL b) ECL c) CMOS ✅ d) RTL Q9. In a digital circuit, a diode can act as a: a) Amplifier b) Switch ✅ c) Filt...

                                                                      UNIT – I: Fundamentals of Semiconductor Physics Short Answer / 2 Marks Questions Q1.What is the difference between a conductor, semiconductor, and insulator based on energy bands? Q2. Define intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors. Q3. What is a depletion region in a pn-junction diode? Q4.What happens to a pn-junction diode under forward bias and reverse bias? Q5. What is the use of a diode as a switch? Q6. Define transistor and its types. Q7. What are the three configurations of a BJT? Q8. Define saturation and cutoff region of a transistor. Q9.What are Integrated Circuits (ICs)? Q10.Compare TTL, ECL, and CMOS logic families (any two differences). Long Answer / 5–10 Marks Questions Q11. Explain the formation of ...

  Q1.Which of the following is not a characteristic of a computer? a) Accuracy b) Diligence c) Intelligence d) Speed → Answer: c) Intelligence Q2.The first generation of computers used a) Transistors b) Vacuum tubes c) Integrated Circuits d) Microprocessors → Answer: b) Vacuum tubes Q3. Which of the following is a microcomputer? a) Laptop b) Mainframe c) Supercomputer d) Minicomputer → Answer: a) Laptop Q4. The ALU of a computer performs a) Logic and arithmetic operations b) Storage functions c) Data transfer d) Input-output operations → Answer: a) Logic and arithmetic operations Q5. The brain of a computer is: a) CPU b) Monitor c) Keyboard d) Hard Disk → Answer: a) CPU Q6. Which component interprets and executes instructions? a) Control Unit b) ALU c) Memory Unit d) Input Unit → Answer: a) Control Unit Q7. The speed of the processor is measured in a) Hertz b) Bits c) Bytes d) Seconds → Answer: a) Hertz Q8. Which of the following represents the fifth generation of computers? a) Vac...

 Q1. What is OOP? Ans Object-Oriented Programming focuses on objects and classes rather than procedures. Q2.What is a class? Ans A class is a blueprint for creating objects. Q3. What is an object? Ans An object is an instance of a class. Q4. What is encapsulation? Ans Encapsulation is binding data and methods together in a single unit. Q5.What is inheritance? Ans Inheritance allows a class to acquire properties and behavior of another class. Q6. What is polymorphism? Ans The ability of functions or operators to behave differently based on context. Q7. What is overloading? Ans. Defining multiple functions with the same name but different parameters. Q8. How is C related to C++? Ans. C++ is an extension of C that adds object-oriented features. Q9. What is the use of cout? Ans cout is used for displaying output on the screen. Q10 What is the use of cin? Ans cin is used for taking input from the user. Q11. What is a preprocessor directive? Ans A statement that begins with # and is proc...