COMPUTER SCIENCE

Computer  registers are  very fast computer memory type, used to store data/instruction. A computer  Register  is a group of flip-flops with each flip-flop capable of storing  one bit  of information. An  n-bit  register has a group of  n flip-flops  and is capable of storing binary information of  n-bits . A register consists of a group of flip-flops and gates. The flip-flops hold the binary information and gates control when and how new information is transferred into a register. Various types of registers are available commercially. The simplest register is one that consists of only flip-flops with no external gates. Following are some commonly used registers: Accumulator : This is the most common register, used to store data taken out from the memory. General Purpose Registers : This is used to store data intermediate results during program execution. It can be accessed via assembly programming. Special Purpose Registers : ...

The computer has applications in almost every aspect of life. Some of the important ones are: Business Banking Insurance Education Marketing Healthcare Engineering design Defense Communication Governments Medicine Entertainment Home Sports Business A computer has a high speed of calculation, diligence, accuracy, reliability, or versatility which has made it an integrated part in all business organizations. The computer is used in business organizations for − Payroll calculations Budgeting Sales analysis Financial forecasting Managing employee database Maintenance of stocks, etc. Banking Today, banking is almost totally dependent on computers. Banks provide the following facilities − Online accounting facility, which includes checking current balance, making deposits and overdrafts, checking interest charges, shares, and trustee records. ATM machines that are completely automated are making it even easier for customers to deal with ban...

Types of computer There are various methods on which computers can be classified. The classification may depend upon the size, technology, area, of application, type of data processed, etc. Generally, computers are divided into three main parts, These three are followings: Analog computers Hybrid computers Digital computers Analog computers An  analog computer  or  analogous computer  is a form of  computer  that uses the continuously changeable aspects of physical phenomena such as  electrical ,  mechanical , or  hydraulic  quantities to  model  the problem being solved.  Analog computers are computers that work on continuous data. Analog computers are used to measure physical quantities like pressure, temperature, speed, etc. Analog computers were widely used in scientific and industrial applications where digital computers of the time lacked sufficient performance. Analog computers c...

Till today there are five generations of computers."Generation" in computer talk is a step in technology. It provides a framework(structure) for the growth of the computer industry. It was used to distinguish between various hardware and software technologies in the development of the computer i.e. due to technological advancement different changes have come in the computer system. 1940 – 1956:  First Generation – Vacuum Tubes These early computers used vacuum tubes as circuitry and magnetic drums for memory. As a result they were enormous, literally taking up entire rooms and costing a fortune to run. These were inefficient materials that generated a lot of heat, sucked huge electricity and subsequently generated a lot of heat which caused ongoing breakdowns. These first-generation computers relied on ‘machine language’ (which is the most basic programming language that can be understood by computers). These computers were limited to solving one problem at a tim...